Introduction It is well established that when associated with infection, pleural effusions carry a significant morbidity and mortality. Sonographic septations are assumed to be associated with poor ...

Department of Respiratory Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK Correspondence to: Dr M W Elliott Department of Respiratory Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Beckett ...

Background The natural history and time course of the onset of exacerbation events of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is incompletely understood. Methods A prospective cohort of 212 ...

The North West Lung Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK Dr A Bentley The North West Lung Centre, University Hospital of South ...

Superseded By 2013 Guideline: British Thoracic Society Guidelines on Diagnostic Flexible Bronchoscopy. Thorax 2001 Feb; 56(Suppl 1): 1–21.

Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease with a poor prognosis. Activation of the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor ß (TGFß) is crucial ...

To determine whether asthma alone can cause irreversible airflow obstruction 42 men and 47 women with chronic asthma (mean duration 22 (SD 13) years) without evidence of other disease likely to cause ...

Correspondence to British Thoracic Society, 17, Doughty Street, London WC1N 2PL, UK; bts{at}brit-thoracic.org.uk and Dr Charlotte E Bolton, Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, University of ...

Background Despite biomarker-guided initiation, non- or loss of response to biologic therapy occurs in a minority of patients with severe asthma. In cases of treatment failure, it is important to ...

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Background Acute type 2 respiratory failure (AT2RF) is the failure of ventilatory mechanism which results in hypercapnia(>6kPa). Current treatment is non-invasive ventilation(NIV) which has a high ...

Background Development of emphysema and vascular stiffness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be due to a common mechanism of susceptibility to pulmonary and systemic elastin ...